The non-commercial nature of the program makes training on the procedures of the token economy critical to ensure it is implemented reliably. The differentiating feature of token economies from other systems of token reinforcement, therefore, is the understanding that tokens are later traded or exchanged for items that hold greater perceived value. As a result, the token economy is only one example of a range of behavioral techniques which link the delivery and acquisition of tokens to specified behavioral expectations. These five elements include: (a) the identification of specific target behaviors (b) the identification of tokens for primary reinforcement (c) the development of a menu of backup reinforcement options to award appropriate behavior, (d) the creation of an explicit protocol for exchanging primary reinforcers for backup reinforcers, and (e) the development of procedures for fading the use of the token economy system (Wolery et al.). The standard features of token economies are aligned with the critical features of other behavior modification programs (Hall, 1979). As such, the primary reinforcers (i.e., tokens) acquire symbolic value akin to ordinary currency within classical monetary systems (Wolery, Bailey, & Sugai, 1988). The essential requirement is that the tokens are systematically linked to a menu of meaningful reinforcement options. Learn how to incorporate NCII resources into preservice teacher preparation coursework and clinical experiences.Ī token economy is a contingency management system that allows participants to earn tokens for presenting specific, positive behaviors which are later exchanged for predetermined backup reinforcement (Kazdin, 1977). Strengthening Intensive Intervention Preparation: A Guide for Faculty.Supporting Students with Disabilities at School and Home. Using Sample Lessons for Continuity of Learning.Intensive Intervention Infographics for Families.This resource highlights questions to consider. What is the Taxonomy of Intervention Intensity?ĭeveloping a hypothesis for why a student is not responding, is essential for determining how to adapt an intervention.Behavior Support for Intensive Intervention Course Content.Intensive Intervention in Mathematics Course Content.Intensive Intervention in Reading Course Content.Intensifying Literacy Instruction: Essential Practices.
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